What makes separation difficult?

TECHNICAL ARTICLE

What makes separation difficult?

A small density difference, very fine particles or high viscosity can make separation challenging. The reason depends on the material.

Here are three representative conditions based on duties we have handled. Understanding the material and the desired result is the starting point for selecting conditions.

Liquids with similar densities

As the density difference becomes smaller, separating two liquids can become more difficult. Conditions must be selected for the actual mixture.

Liquid ALiquid BEqual volumesSmall density differenceColours distinguish the two liquids.

An earlier application involved a heavy-liquid specific gravity of 1.00 and a light-liquid specific gravity of 0.97–0.98. This is an individual example, not a guarantee for every mixture with those values.

Very fine particles

Smaller particles settle less readily. Classification by particle size can also become difficult. Feed rate and other conditions must be considered together with centrifugal force.

Larger particlesFine particles

In a previous classification application, a particle-size criterion was used to distinguish a solids fraction from a slurry fraction. Slurry means solid particles dispersed in a liquid.

Read about particle classification →

High-viscosity slurry

High viscosity makes particle movement more difficult and can reduce separation efficiency. Removing impurities from a viscous liquid therefore requires a review of operating conditions.

Lower viscosityHigher viscosity

Conditions considered in earlier applications included reducing feed rate or increasing centrifugal force. Heating was used where the material could tolerate a viscosity reduction without an unacceptable quality effect.

Consider the material, not only the centrifugal force

A higher force alone does not solve every difficult separation. Review density difference, particle size and viscosity together with throughput and the target result. We use experience and sample testing to assess an appropriate method.

Information What to share
Properties Density, particle size, viscosity and temperature, as far as known.
Current difficulty Residual turbidity, difficult recovery or other problems.
Target The fraction to recover, required condition and processing volume.

If you think your material may be difficult to separate

Material properties

Density difference, particle size, viscosity and solids concentration.

Current difficulties

The present process, separation results and issues you want to solve.

Target and capacity

The required clarity or recovery and the target throughput.